JPEG 图像压缩 FAQ, part 1 Section - [1] What is JPEG?
JPEG (pronounced "jay-peg") is a standardized image compression mechanism.JPEG stands for
Joint Photographic Experts Group, the original name of thecommittee that wrote the standard.
JPEG is designed for compressing either full-color or gray-scale imagesof natural, real-world
scenes. It works well on photographs, naturalisticartwork, and similar material; not so well
on lettering, simple cartoons,or line drawings. JPEG handles only still images, but there is a
related standard called MPEG for motion pictures.
JPEG is "lossy," meaning that the decompressed image isn't quite the same as the one you
started with. (There are lossless image compression algorithms,but JPEG achieves much greater
compression than is possible with lossless methods.) JPEG is designed to exploit known limitations
of the human eye,notably the fact that small color changes are perceived less accurately than small
changes in brightness. Thus, JPEG is intended for compressing images that will be looked at by
humans. If you plan to machine-analyze your images, the small errors introduced by JPEG may
be a problem for you, even if they are invisible to the eye.
A useful property of JPEG is that the degree of lossiness can be varied by adjusting compression
parameters. This means that the image maker can trade off file size against output image quality.
You can make *extremely* small files if you don't mind poor quality; this is useful for applications
such as indexing image archives. Conversely, if you aren't happy with the output quality at the
default compression setting, you can jack up the quality until you are satisfied, and accept lesser
compression.
Another important aspect of JPEG is that decoders can trade off decoding speed against image quality,
by using fast but inaccurate approximations to the required calculations. Some viewers obtain remarkable
speedups in this way. (Encoders can also trade accuracy for speed, but there's usually less reason to make
such a sacrifice when writing a file.) |